List for bookkeeping of a shell's child processes. More...

#include <stdbool.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

Data Structures
struct	ProcInfo
	Process-information structure. More...

Functions
const ProcInfo *	plistAdd (pid_t pid, const char cmdLine[], bool background)
	Adds a new process to the list.
const ProcInfo *	plistGet (pid_t pid)
int	plistRemove (pid_t pid)
	Removes a specific process from the list.
int	plistIterate (int(callback)(const ProcInfo ))
	Invokes a callback function on each element in the list whose state has not changed since the last call to plistHandleEvents().
int	plistNotifyEvent (pid_t pid, int event)
	Notifies the process list that a process has changed its state.
int	plistHandleEvents (int(callback)(const ProcInfo , int))
	Invokes a callback function on each element in the list whose state has changed since the last call to plistHandleEvents().

Detailed Description

List for bookkeeping of a shell's child processes.

Since SUSv4 offers no portable way to determine the current state of a process, the shell itself has to keep a record of its child processes and their current states.

Newly created processes can be added with plistAdd(), while terminated processes can be removed with plistRemove().

Information about a specific process can be obtained by calling plistGet(). To iterate over the entire list of child processes, plistIterate() can be used.

When a child process has changed its state (which is signaled to the shell via SIGCHLD), the shell must update the process entry by calling plistNotifyEvent(). The processes which have recently changed their state can be obtained and processed with plistHandleEvents().

Function Documentation

const ProcInfo* plistAdd	(	pid_t	pid,
		const char	cmdLine[],
		bool	background
	)

Adds a new process to the list.

The process is assumed to be in the running state.

During the insert operation, the passed cmdLine is copied to an internally allocated buffer. The caller may free or otherwise reuse the memory occupied by cmdLine after return from plistAdd().

Parameters

pid	Process ID of the entry that is to be created.
cmdLine	Command line corresponding to the process with ID pid.

Returns

Pointer to the created entry. If an error occurs, NULL is returned and errno is set accordingly:

EINVAL: An entry with the given PID already exists in the list.
ENOMEM: A memory allocation has failed.

Note: This function should not be used in a signal handler since it uses malloc() to allocate memory on the heap.

const ProcInfo* plistGet ( pid_t pid )

Returns the process information for a specific PID, or NULL if no entry with that PID exists.

The data returned by this function will only be valid until the respective entry has been removed from the list. It is the caller's responsibility to copy data that is needed for a longer period of time (if any).

Note: This function can be safely used in a signal handler provided it does not overlap any other calls to a plist operation.

int plistHandleEvents ( int(*)(const ProcInfo *, int) callback )

Invokes a callback function on each element in the list whose state has changed since the last call to plistHandleEvents().

This function only handles processes whose status change has been signaled via plistNotifyEvent(). Newly added processes are not regarded. If a process has changed its state multiple times, only the last change is handled.

For each element that is processed, the state-change flag is reset.

The callback function is passed the process information of the current list element, along with the event that has caused the state change. It shall return 0 to request further processing of the list. Any other return value will cause the early termination of the list walk.

The callback function may remove the current element by calling plistRemove(), but must not modify the process list in any other way.

Parameters

callback Pointer to the function to be invoked for each list element.

Returns: 0 if the entire process list was walked, otherwise the value returned by the last invocation of the callback function.

Note: This function can be safely used in a signal handler provided it does not overlap any other calls to a plist operation.

int plistIterate ( int(*)(const ProcInfo *) callback )

Invokes a callback function on each element in the list whose state has not changed since the last call to plistHandleEvents().

The callback function is passed the process information of the current list element. It shall return 0 to request further processing of the list. Any other return value will cause the early termination of the list walk.

The callback function may remove the current element by calling plistRemove(), but must not modify the process list in any other way.

Parameters

callback Pointer to the function to be invoked for each list element.

Returns: 0 if the entire process list was walked, otherwise the value returned by the last invocation of the callback function.

Note: This function can be safely used in a signal handler provided it does not overlap any other calls to a plist operation.

int plistNotifyEvent	(	pid_t	pid,
		int	event
	)

Notifies the process list that a process has changed its state.

The process's new state is determined by evaluating event, which should be retrieved using waitpid().

A flag is set for the list element to indicate the change. plistHandleEvents() can be used to query the processes whose state-change flag is set.

Parameters

pid	ID of the process.
event	Event that changed the process status as retrieved from `waitpid()`.

Return values

0	Success.
-1	No process with the given PID was found in the list.

Note: This function can be safely used in a signal handler provided it does not overlap any other calls to a plist operation.

int plistRemove ( pid_t pid )

Removes a specific process from the list.

Parameters

pid	ID of the process to be removed.

Return values

0	Success.
-1	No process with the given PID was found in the list.

Note: This function should not be used in a signal handler since it uses free() to release memory to the heap.

Data Structures

Functions

Detailed Description

Function Documentation